Unlike other states, cities and counties in Virginia function as equals, but the state government manages most local roads inside each. It is made up of a 40-member Senate and a 100-member House of Delegates. Virginia's state legislature is the Virginia General Assembly, which was established in July 1619, making it the oldest current law-making body in North America. Although the state was under one-party rule for nearly a century following the Reconstruction era, both major political parties are competitive in modern Virginia. More major battles were fought in Virginia during the American Civil War, which split the state as the government in Richmond joined the Confederacy, but many northwestern counties remained loyal to the Union and separated as the state of West Virginia in 1863. Virginia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies in the American Revolution, during which several key battles were fought there. Slave labor and land from displaced native tribes fueled the growing plantation economy, but also fueled conflicts both inside and outside the colony. Virginia's state nickname, the Old Dominion, is a reference to this status.

In 1607, the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World. Virginia's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. Eastern Virginia is part of the Atlantic Plain, with the Middle Peninsula forming the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. The Blue Ridge Mountains cross the western and southwestern parts of the state, while the state's central region lies mostly within the Piedmont. Virginia's population in 2022 was over 8.68 million, with 35% living within the Greater Washington metropolitan area. The state's capital is Richmond, its most populous city is Virginia Beach, and Fairfax County is the state's most populous political subdivision.

Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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